What caused World War Two?

What caused the Second World War was aggression by the three revisionist fascist powers - Germany, Italy and Japan - bound together by various treaties from the middle 1930s.

We can look at the milestones on the road to war from two perspectives

  1. The aggressive actions taken by the fascist powers
  2. The failure of the countries opposed to fascism to take action against them
  • From the first perspective, the milestones on the road to war were:
  • Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931
  • Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935
  • German and Italian intervention in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 - 39
  • German invasion of Austria in early 1938
  • German crippling of Czechoslovakia later in 1938.
  • German occupation of what remained of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.
  • German invasion on Poland which actually led to the outbreak of war.

From the second perspective, the milestones were:

  • Failure of the League to act against Japan
  • Failure to take effective measures against Italy in 1935
  • Failure of Britain and France to respond to the unilateral German denunciation of the Treaty of Versailles, and notably its military reoccupation of the Rhineland in 1936
  • Refusal of Britain and France to intervene in the Spanish Civil War
  • Failure to respond to the occupation of Austria
  • Retreat before German blackmail over Czechoslovakia - the 'Munich Agreement' of 1938.
  • Refusal of the USSR to continue opposing Hitler in 1939 - Hitler - Stalin pact of August 1939.
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